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What is Sickle Cell Disease?

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent. The condition arises from a mutation in the gene responsible for hemoglobin production, the crucial protein within red blood cells that facilitates oxygen transport throughout the body. This mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S (HbS), which causes red blood cells to become rigid and assume a sickle or crescent shape under certain conditions.

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